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Lights All Askew in the HeavensThe New York Times · 10 November 1919

LONDON, Nov. 9.—Efforts made to put in words intelligible to the non-scientific public the Einstein theory of light proved by the eclipse expedition so far have not been very successful. The new theory was discovered at a recent meeting of the Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society. Sir Joseph Thomson, President of the Royal Society, declares it is not possible to put Einstein's theory into really intelligible words, yet at the same time Thomson adds: "The results of the eclipse expedition demonstrating that the rays of light from the stars are bent or deflected from their normal course by other aerial bodies acting upon them and consequently the inference that light has weight form a most important contribution to the laws of gravity given us since Newton laid down his principles." states that the difference between theories of Newton and those of Einstein are infinitesimal in a popular sense, and as they are purely mathematical and can only be expressed in strictly scientific terms it is useless to endeavor to detail them for the man in the street. "What is easily understandable," he continued, "is that Einstein predicted the deflection of the starlight when it passed the sun, and the recent eclipse has provided a demonstration of the correctness of the prediction. "His second theory as in the anomalous motion of the planet Mercury has also been verified, but his third prediction, which dealt with certain sun lines is still indefinite." Asked if recent discoveries meant a reversal of the laws of gravity as defined by Newton, Sir Joseph said they held good for ordinary purposes, but in highly mathematical problems the new conceptions of Einstein, whereby space became warped or curled under certain circumstances, would have to be taken into account. Vastly different conceptions which are involved in this discovery and the necessity for taking Einstein's theory more into account were voiced by a member of the expedition, who pointed out that it meant, among other things, that two lines normally known as parallel do meet eventually, that a circle is not really circular, that three angles of a triangle do not necessarily make the sum total of two right angles.

Einstein Expounds His New TheoryThe New York Times · 3 December 1919

BERLIN, Dec. 2.-Now that the Royal Society, at its meeting in London on Nov. 6, has put the stamp of its official authority on Dr. Albert Einstein's much-debated new "theory of relativity," man's conception of the universe seems likely to undergo radical changes. Indeed, there are German savants who believe that since the promulgation of Newton's theory of gravitation no discovery of such importance has been made in the world of science. When The New York Times correspondent called at his home to gather from his own lips an interpretation of what to laymen must appear the book with the seven seals, Dr. Einstein himself modestly put aside the suggestion that his theory might have the same revolutionary effect on the human mind as Newton's theses. The doctor lives on the top floor of a fashionable apartment house on one of the few elevated spots in Berlin - so to say, close to the stars which he studies, not with a telescope, but rather with the mental eye, and so far only as they come within the range of his mathematical formulae; for he is not an astronomer but a physicist. It was from his lofty library, in which this conversation took place, that he observed years ago a man dropping from a neighboring roof - luckily on a pile of soft rubbish - and escaping almost without injury. This man told Dr. Einstein that in falling he experienced no sensation commonly considered as the effect of gravity, which, according to Newton's theory, would pull him down violently toward the earth. This incident, followed by further researches along the same line, started in his mind a complicated chain of thoughts leading finally, as he expressed it, "not to a disavowal of Newton's theory of gravitation, but to a sublimation or supplement of it." When he read in the message from The Times requesting the interview a reference to Dr. Einstein's statement to his publishers on the submission of his last book that not more than twelve persons in all the world could understand it, coupled with the editor's request that Dr. Einstein put his theory in terms comprehensible to a larger number than twelve, the doctor laughed good-naturedly, but still insisted on the difficulty of making himself understood by laymen. "However," he said, "I am trying to talk as plainly as possible. To begin with the difference between my conception and Newton's law of gravitation: Please imagine the earth removed, and in its place suspended a box as big as a room or a whole house and inside a man naturally floating in the centre, there being no for force whatever pulling him. Imagine, further, this box being, by a rope or other contrivance, suddenly jerked to one side, which is scientifically termed 'difform motion,' as opposed to 'uniform motion.' The person would then naturally reach bottom on the opposite side. The result would consequently be the same as if he obeyed Newton's law of gravitation, while, in fact, there is no gravitation exerted whatever, which proves that difform motion will in every case produce the same effects as gravitation. "I have applied this new idea to every kind of difform motion and have thus developed mathematical formulas which I am convinced give more precise results than those based on Newton's theory. Newton's formulas, however, are such close approximations that it was difficult to find by observation any obvious disagreement with experience. "One such case, however, was presented by the motion of the planet Mercury, which for a long time baffled astronomers. This is now completely cleared up by my formulas, as the Astronomer Royal, Sir Frank Dyson, stated at the meeting of the Royal Society. "Another case was the deflection of rays of light when passing through the field of gravitation. No such deflections are explicable by Newton's theory of gravitation.

Letter of the President to the Secretary-General196 words · 21 % shared

LETTER DATED 2 DECEMBER 1971 FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL I have the honour to inform you that following the agreements reached on 1 December 1971 between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Umm Al Quwain, Ajman and Fujairah, terminating the Special Treaty relations between the Emirates and the United Kingdom, the Rulers of the above-mentioned six Emirates have promulgated the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates and proclaimed it as an independent and sovereign State on 2 December 1971. I have the honour to submit on behalf of the United Arab Emirates this application for admission to membership of the United Nations in accordance with Article 4 of the United Nations Charter. I would be grateful if you would place this application before the Security Council and the General Assembly at the earliest opportunity. Under rule 58 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council, I have the honour to attach herewith a Declaration made in accordance with that rule. (Signed) Zaid bin Sultan Al Nahayyan, President of the United Arab Emirates

“Six Emirates Proclaim a Union”446 words · 9 % shared

The Trucial Courier No. 1 Dubai, Friday, 3 December 1971 Four pages Six Emirates Proclaim a Union Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah federate at Union House in Dubai. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan is President; Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Vice‑President. Ras Al Khaimah has not acceded. the Rulers of the above-mentioned six Emirates have promulgated the Constitution of the United Arab Emirates and proclaimed it as an independent and sovereign State on 2 December 1971 From the letter of the President to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2 December 1971 At Union House The six emirates of the Trucial Coast were represented yesterday at Union House in Dubai, and a federal state was proclaimed. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi, was chosen President of the Union, and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai, Vice-President. Ahmed Khalifa Al Suwaidi rose to read the statement declaring the establishment of the state. The flag of the Union, designed by Abdulla Mohammed Al Maainah, was raised on the mast at Union House while the proclamation was carried live by the new broadcasting service, the Voice of the United Arab Emirates. Umm Al Quwain was represented not by its Ruler, who was unwell, but by his son Sheikh Rashid bin Ahmed Al Mualla, Deputy Ruler and Crown Prince, who signed on the emirate's behalf. The treaties ended The proclamation followed the agreements of 1 December, by which the Government of the United Kingdom and the six emirates terminated the special treaty relations that had bound them. Sir Geoffrey Arthur, the British Political Resident in the Gulf, was present at the table. Ras Al Khaimah, the seventh emirate of the coast, has not acceded to the Union, and its Ruler was not among the signatories. Application to the Nations In a letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations dated yesterday, the President applied for the admission of the United Arab Emirates to membership of the Organisation under Article 4 of the Charter, and attached to it the declaration of acceptance of the obligations of the Charter required by rule 58 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council. The capital of the Union is to be the city of Abu Dhabi. Arabic is its official language and Islam its official religion. Each emirate keeps its own flag for use within its own territory, and the Union takes a flag, an emblem and an anthem of its own. The Union has a flag of green, white and black bands with a red band at the hoist. It was raised yesterday for the first time.